南京农业大学资源与环境学院张瑞福教授团队揭示了微生物肥料菌种芽孢杆菌应对植物免疫防卫实现根际定殖的新策略,相关成果发表于Plant, Cell & Environment(IF=6.362)。
博士研究生张慧慧为论文第一作者,中国农科院农业资源与农业区划研究所刘云鹏副研究员与南农大资环学院张瑞福教授为论文共同通讯作者,该研究同时得到国家自然科学基金、中国农科院创新工程的资助。
Abstract
Efficient root colonization of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria is critical for their plant‐beneficial functions. However, the strategy to overcoming plant immunity during root colonization is not well understood. In particular, howBacillus strains cope with plant‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as the first barrier of plant defense, is not clear. In the present study, we found that the homolog of flg22 in Bacillus velezensis SQR9 (flg22SQR9) has 78.95% identity to the typical flg22 (flg22P.s.) and induces a significant oxidative burst in cucumber and Arabidopsis. In contrast to pathogenic or beneficialPseudomonas, live B. velezensis SQR9 also induced an oxidative burst in cucumber. We further found that B. velezensis SQR9 tolerated higher H2O2levels than Pst DC3000, the pathogen that harbors the typical flg22, and that it possesses the ability to suppress the flg22‐induced oxidative burst, indicating that B. velezensis SQR9 may exploit a more efficient ROS tolerance system than DC3000. Further experimentation with mutagenesis of bacteria and Arabidopsis showed that the two‐component regulatory system, ResDE, in B. velezensis SQR9 is involved in tolerance to plant‐derived oxidative stress, thus contributing to root colonization. This study supports a further investigation of the interaction between beneficial rhizobacteria and plant immunity.
根际微生物是植物的第二基因组,对植物的生长和健康具有重要作用,其中的根际促生菌是微生物肥料的主要生产菌种,是支撑农业绿色发展的重要投入品。肥料微生物生存于根际土壤,作用于植物根系,其在植物根表的高效定殖是发挥植物益生作用的前提。植物会通过免疫防卫反应抵抗微生物的定殖和侵染,其中识别非己成分而产生的活性氧爆发是植物免疫的第一道屏障,有效应对植物免疫防卫才能够高效定殖。然而,对植物免疫的研究一直以来都围绕着病原微生物和其共生菌(如根瘤菌和菌根真菌)展开,对于与其结合紧密但非共生的根际促生菌(同时也是微生物肥料的主要生产菌种)如何应对植物根系免疫并成功定殖还不清楚。
植物能够识别细菌所产生的保守微生物相关分子模式(Microbe-associated molecular pattern, MAMP)产生基础免疫,并伴随着活性氧的爆发。细菌的鞭毛多肽flg22是目前研究最为透彻的MAMP,文章比较了多个病原菌与益生菌,尤其是芽孢杆菌的flg22序列,发现决定flg22的免疫激发效应的关键氨基酸位点在有益芽孢杆菌中比较保守,进一步实验发现有益芽孢杆菌flg22能够引发黄瓜、拟南芥叶片、根系的活性氧爆发。然而与病原菌不同的是,活体的有益微生物能够激发植物活性氧爆发,而活体的病原菌由于多方面的免疫抑制和逃逸策略,并未激发植物的活性氧爆发,但有益芽孢杆菌却能够比病原菌耐受数倍浓度的活性氧。该研究发现,芽孢杆菌的一类保守的双组份调控系统ResDE参与了对活性氧的耐受,缺失了ResDE系统的芽孢杆菌突变体活性氧耐受能力和根际定殖水平显著降低,但对活性氧产生缺失的植物突变株定殖无影响,证实ResDE通过参与活性氧的耐受进而促进了芽孢杆菌的根际定殖。
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